Abstract
Establishment of oil palm plantations is one of the most important drivers of land conversion in Indonesia and associated
carbon emissions. Emerging standards for ‘carbon neutrality’ claims by the industry address the concerns of those global
consumers who take responsibility for the carbon footprint of products they buy. A recent proposal by key players in the
industry (Raison et al 2015) takes a stance on where carbon neutrality can be claimed – our results differ.

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Oil palm is currently the most important vegetable oil crop though increasingly suffering from
droughts as a result of anthropogenic global warming ( 1
). The mechanisms behind the witnessed
yield losses upon these droughts remain poorly understood. Stomatal closure is a known primary
drought response in plants, however, it has not previously been closely investigated in oil palm.
In dicotyldons, carbon isotope analysis is commonly used for retro-spective analysis of stomatal